PAIN OF CIRCUMCISION

The pain that a baby experiences during circumcision is worse than anything the average person is likely to experience in a life- time. Sadly, there is nothing that can be done to eliminate this pain entirely. Studies show that anesthesia helps reduce pain to some extent, but it is powerless to make circumcision pain free.

The pain of circumcision can have serious complications. It is so severe that many babies stop breathing, vomit, and defecate in their agony. One recent study on the pain of circumcision was stopped after several infants, circumcised without anesthe- sia, experienced life-threatening breathing difficulties that in- cluded choking and apnea.22 The shock of circumcision results in hysterical screaming, crying, and can produce dangerous complications, including rupture of the heart,23 lungs,24 and stomach.25 Some babies are so severely traumatized by the experience that they fall into a semicomatose state. Some circumcisers still pretend that these babies are just falling asleep! Nothing could be further from the truth. No one falls asleep when his sex or- gans are being cut with a knife. Because he is tied down, a baby has no way to escape, no matter how much he thrashes. Going into a comalike state is one way for the baby to distance himself from his agony, but it has dangerous consequences for the brain, as you will read below.

When I was in medical school, I was taught to perform neonatal circumcisions without any anesthesia simply because it was commonly believed that the newborn was incapable of ex- periencing pain, and, even if he did, he would be unable to re- member it. I accepted this because I had never heard of anyone remembering the trauma of being circumcised. Ethically, of course, we do not have the right to hurt another human being even if he won't remember the pain later.

It is unnecessary to be a university professor to understand that babies feel pain and are traumatized by circumcision. Just witness one-if you dare-and you will be convinced. You hardly need data collected by scientists to realize what those agonizing cries mean. You are a human being, capable of those same feelings. You know that even though the actual memory of the event may be lost, the trauma probably remains forever. ", Many circumcisers still repeat the ludicrous myth that ba- ;z bies are unable to experience pain, even though they hear the screams of the babies. Many dismiss the evidence of their senses, and simply accuse the baby of being "fussy." It saddens me that members of my own profession could be so wrong, insensitive, ;; and arrogant.

A mountain of objective scientific studies has irrefutably proved that babies do feel pain.z6 They feel it very acutely. In fact, it has now been conclusively established that babies feel pain more sharply than adults!27 Any mother who accidentally pokes her baby with a safety pin while changing diapers knows very well how sensitive babies are to pain. If a tiny pinprick can raise such a rush of pain and panic in a baby, imagine the baby's reaction to having a steel clamp crush the end of his penis or to having a scalpel slice it open.

Pain is serious. It is hardly something to be dismissed, laughed at, or ignored. Pain is hardly good for the soul, and it cannot "toughen" little boys. In fact, it has just the opposite ef- fect. The severe pain of circumcision makes boys less able to tol- erate even average levels of pain. A team of top-notch medical researchers working at the University of Toronto have proved in a series of studies that the pain of circumcision is so severe that it permanently damages the pain centers of the brain. Baby boys who have been circumcised suffer from an abnormally and arti- ficially lowered pain threshold than genitally intact boys or baby girls. They react more strongly, violently, and hysterically to mildly painful experiences, such as vaccination injections.28 Development neuropsychologist Dr. James Prescott suggests that circumcision can cause deeper and more disturbing levels of neurological damage, as well.29 We must ask ourselves: What dangerous and dark message is being sent to the mind when the organ designed for experiencing pleasure becomes the source of unbearable pain? Dr. Prescott writes:

It is this writer's conviction that the extraordinary pain and trauma experienced through genital mutilations- an organ and brain system that is designed for the expe- rience of sexual pleasure and the expression of sexual love-has permanently altered normative brain devel- opment for the normal expression of sexual pleasure and love. It is proposed that this genital pain has long-term developmental consequences for the ability of such indi- viduals to differentiate pain from pleasure in love rela- tionships and to develop intimate sexual relationships.

It is not without psychobiological consequence that the brain system, which is designed for the experience of pleasure and the expression of sexual love, is first en- coded with extraordinary and excruciating pain. In such individuals, all subsequent acts or experiences of genital pleasure are experienced upon a background of genital pain that is now deeply buried in the subconscious un- conscious brain.3D

Anyone who has had surgery knows that severe pain can last for weeks. Patients must usually take massive doses of powerful painkillers for a week or more. Tragically, babies are still being j denied postoperative pain relief. Hospital routines are slow to adjust to scientific advances. Just as many hospital administrators still push circumcision, they also choose to ignore the overwhelming evidence that now exists on the pain of circumision and refuse to require all circumcisers to use aneshesia.

The throbbing pain of the circumcision amputation wound. is aggravated every time the baby urinates. Babies have no choice but to urinate into the raw circumcision wound. The hot acidic urine burns the raw flesh, inflicting even more genital pain. Nurses who work in maternity wards have told me that they can always tell which babies in the nursery have been cir- cumcised. These poor babies act strangely and seem withdrawn. They also scream hysterically when they urinate in their diapers.

I strongly advise parents to avoid being misled into believing that wine on a pacifier or dripped into the baby's mouth : through a bottle provides anesthesia or analgesia. The baby may j become intoxicated, but this is dangerous and unhelpful itself. Some circumcisers wrongly claim that this method is useful. This is a falsehood. Also, you would be wise to resist the temp- tation to believe that sugar water (glucose) provides anesthesia or analgesia. Sugar may stimulate the opioid receptors in the brain, but this is hardly going to block the excruciating pain of circumcision. If a circumciser ever tries to talk you into letting him give your child a sugar solution while he cuts your child's penis, ask him if he would willingly substitute a bottle of cola for anesthesia before allowing a surgeon to cut his penis.

Even though the American Academy of Pediatrics now urges circumcisers to use local anesthesia,32 circumcisers almost universally ignore these recommendations.33 They also ignore the fact that the American Academy of Pediatrics actually recommends protecting babies from circumcision in the first place. Many circumcisers are unwilling to change their habits or learn new techniques. Many have chosen to ignore the evidence that they are inflicting major harm on babies. Many just don't care. Consequently, most babies who are circumcised in U.S. hospitals today are denied any form of pain relief during and after the surgery. General anesthesia is extremely dangerous for babies and local anesthesia is largely ineffective, but does this mean that pain relief should be dismissed as unimportant? Hospital spokesmen complain that the death and complication rate from local anesthesia itself is a disincentive for using it. It is true that anesthesia has resulted in tragic injuries and deaths. What then are caring parents supposed to do? It is clear to me that the only moral way of protecting babies from pain, injury, and stress disorders is to protect them from circumcision.