1. Child Abuse in Sweden, By Joan E. Durrant, Ph.D. 1 April 9, 2003

2. Sweden was first to spare the rod The Times, September 24, 1998

3. The Swedish Ban on Corporal Punishment: Its History and Effects By Joan E. Durrant, PhD, Cpsych, Family Violence Against Children: A Challenge for Society, Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, New York, 1996. (pp.19-25)

4. Swedish Parents Don't Spank By Dr. Adrienne Ahlgren Haeuser, University of Wisconsin